feat: 添加知乎问答支持

- zhihu_extractor.py:
  - 添加 URL_PATTERNS 支持 answer 和 question
  - 添加 _extract_answer_content() 方法提取知乎回答
  - 添加 _extract_question_content() 方法提取知乎问题

- zhihu_metadata.py:
  - 添加 extract_answer() 函数
  - 添加 extract_question() 函数
  - 更新命令行参数支持 answer/question 类型
  - 更新帮助文档
This commit is contained in:
2026-02-16 22:12:13 +08:00
parent 09618f52c5
commit d2c262973e
2 changed files with 165 additions and 5 deletions
+115
View File
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ class ZhihuPlaywrightExtractor:
URL_PATTERNS = {
'zvideo': r'zhihu\.com/zvideo/(\d+)',
'zhuanlan': r'zhuanlan\.zhihu\.com/p/(\d+)',
'answer': r'zhihu\.com/question/\d+/answer/(\d+)',
'question': r'zhihu\.com/question/(\d+)',
}
def __init__(self, headless: bool = True, timeout: int = 30):
@@ -242,6 +244,115 @@ class ZhihuPlaywrightExtractor:
return result
def _extract_answer_content(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""提取知乎回答内容"""
result = {
'type': 'answer',
'title': '', # 问题标题
'question_id': '',
'answer_id': '',
'author': '',
'content': '',
'content_markdown': '',
'publish_time': '',
'vote_up': 0,
}
# 打印页面标题用于调试
page_title = self.browser.page.title()
print(f"页面标题: {page_title}")
# 提取问题标题
question_title_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.QuestionHeader-title')
if not question_title_elem:
question_title_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.QuestionHeader-content h1')
if question_title_elem:
result['title'] = self._extract_text_content(question_title_elem)
# 提取回答内容
content_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.RichText')
if not content_elem:
content_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.AnswerItem-richText')
if not content_elem:
content_elem = self.browser.query_selector('[class*="RichText"]')
if content_elem:
html_content = self._extract_html_content(content_elem)
result['content'] = html_content
result['content_markdown'] = self.markdown_converter.convert(html_content)
# 提取作者信息
author_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.AuthorInfo-name')
if author_elem:
result['author'] = self._extract_text_content(author_elem)
# 提取发布时间
time_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.AnswerItem-time')
if not time_elem:
time_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.ContentItem-time')
if time_elem:
result['publish_time'] = time_elem.get_attribute('data-tooltip') or self._extract_text_content(time_elem)
# 提取点赞数
vote_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.VoteButton--up .VoteButton-label')
if not vote_elem:
vote_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.VoteButton .Count')
if vote_elem:
vote_text = self._extract_text_content(vote_elem)
try:
result['vote_up'] = int(vote_text.replace(',', ''))
except (ValueError, AttributeError):
pass
return result
def _extract_question_content(self) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""提取知乎问题内容(包含所有回答)"""
result = {
'type': 'question',
'title': '',
'question_id': '',
'author': '',
'content': '',
'content_markdown': '',
'publish_time': '',
'answer_count': 0,
}
# 打印页面标题用于调试
page_title = self.browser.page.title()
print(f"页面标题: {page_title}")
# 提取问题标题
title_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.QuestionHeader-title')
if not title_elem:
title_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.QuestionHeader-content h1')
if title_elem:
result['title'] = self._extract_text_content(title_elem)
# 提取问题描述
desc_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.QuestionHeader-detail')
if not desc_elem:
desc_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.QuestionRichText')
if desc_elem:
html_content = self._extract_html_content(desc_elem)
result['content'] = html_content
result['content_markdown'] = self.markdown_converter.convert(html_content)
# 提取回答数量
answer_count_elem = self.browser.query_selector('.List-headerText span')
if answer_count_elem:
count_text = self._extract_text_content(answer_count_elem)
try:
# 提取数字
import re
match = re.search(r'(\d+)', count_text)
if match:
result['answer_count'] = int(match.group(1))
except (ValueError, AttributeError):
pass
return result
def extract(self, url: str) -> Optional[Dict[str, Any]]:
"""
从 URL 提取知乎内容
@@ -288,6 +399,10 @@ class ZhihuPlaywrightExtractor:
result = self._extract_zvideo_content()
elif url_type == 'zhuanlan':
result = self._extract_zhuanlan_content()
elif url_type == 'answer':
result = self._extract_answer_content()
elif url_type == 'question':
result = self._extract_question_content()
else:
print(f"不支持的类型: {url_type}")
return None
+50 -5
View File
@@ -2,9 +2,11 @@
"""
知乎元数据获取工具
仅支持两种内容类型:
支持以下内容类型:
- zvideo: 知乎视频 (https://www.zhihu.com/zvideo/xxx)
- zhuanlan: 知乎专栏文章 (https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/xxx)
- answer: 知乎回答 (https://www.zhihu.com/question/xxx/answer/yyy)
- question: 知乎问题 (https://www.zhihu.com/question/xxx)
"""
import argparse
@@ -51,6 +53,38 @@ def extract_zhuanlan(article_id: str, headless: bool = True) -> Dict[str, Any]:
return _extract_metadata(url, "zhuanlan", headless)
def extract_answer(answer_id: str, headless: bool = True) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
获取知乎回答元数据
Args:
answer_id: 回答 ID (数字字符串)
headless: 是否使用无头浏览器
Returns:
回答元数据字典
"""
# 回答需要构建包含问题ID的URL,但answer_id本身足以识别
# 使用一个占位符问题ID,因为提取器会从URL中提取answer_id
url = f"https://www.zhihu.com/question/0/answer/{answer_id}"
return _extract_metadata(url, "answer", headless)
def extract_question(question_id: str, headless: bool = True) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
获取知乎问题元数据
Args:
question_id: 问题 ID (数字字符串)
headless: 是否使用无头浏览器
Returns:
问题元数据字典
"""
url = f"https://www.zhihu.com/question/{question_id}"
return _extract_metadata(url, "question", headless)
def _extract_metadata(url: str, content_type: str, headless: bool) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
内部函数:提取元数据
@@ -97,24 +131,28 @@ def main():
支持的类型:
zvideo - 知乎视频 (https://www.zhihu.com/zvideo/123456)
zhuanlan - 知乎专栏文章 (https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/123456)
answer - 知乎回答 (https://www.zhihu.com/question/xxx/answer/yyy)
question - 知乎问题 (https://www.zhihu.com/question/xxx)
示例:
python zhihu_metadata.py --id "123456" --type zvideo
python zhihu_metadata.py --id "123456" --type zhuanlan
python zhihu_metadata.py --id "123456" --type answer
python zhihu_metadata.py --id "123456" --type question
"""
)
parser.add_argument(
"--id", "-i",
required=True,
help="知乎内容 ID (视频ID或文章ID)"
help="知乎内容 ID (视频ID/文章ID/回答ID/问题ID)"
)
parser.add_argument(
"--type", "-t",
required=True,
choices=["zvideo", "zhuanlan"],
help="内容类型: zvideo=视频, zhuanlan=专栏文章"
choices=["zvideo", "zhuanlan", "answer", "question"],
help="内容类型: zvideo=视频, zhuanlan=专栏文章, answer=回答, question=问题"
)
parser.add_argument(
@@ -135,8 +173,15 @@ def main():
# 提取元数据
if args.type == "zvideo":
result = extract_zvideo(args.id, headless=args.headless)
else: # zhuanlan
elif args.type == "zhuanlan":
result = extract_zhuanlan(args.id, headless=args.headless)
elif args.type == "answer":
result = extract_answer(args.id, headless=args.headless)
elif args.type == "question":
result = extract_question(args.id, headless=args.headless)
else:
print(f"不支持的类型: {args.type}")
sys.exit(1)
# 输出结果
json_output = json.dumps(result, ensure_ascii=False, indent=2)